{"id":5121,"date":"2021-01-05T12:16:39","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T12:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/?p=5121"},"modified":"2021-01-07T15:20:53","modified_gmt":"2021-01-07T15:20:53","slug":"horticulture-the-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"Horticulture \u2013 the Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding our plants and how their relationship to their location, growing practices and the environment is an area which brings huge joy to horticulturalists, gardeners and botanists, whether they are growing plants for personal or commercial use.<\/p>\n<p>This course has been designed to give you a good introduction to many of the principles of good horticultural practice. You will learn, or add to your existing knowledge about plants, how they work, why they do well, or not in some cases.<\/p>\n<p>You will be able to understand and relate to your site, the plants you can effectively grow there and really get to know about horticulture as a subject.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Benefits\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Whether you are looking to expand your knowledge so you can work more effectively in your own site, or obtain a good overview of the subject before deciding which areas you would like to study further, this course will provide a great introduction, whilst also challenging and pushing you to find out more should you wish.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Horticulture \u2013 The Basics,<\/strong>\u00a0includes the study of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>plant physiology.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>how to grow and maintain types of plants,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>provide the best environment for them,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>their affect on the environment and<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>commercial importance of certain practices.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>protecting plants from pests and diseases,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>regulation and control of plants commercially and privately,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>naming, plant breeder\u2019s rights<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>covers some areas of botany with a wider scope.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Horticulture is not botany. Horticulture is more about the relationship between us and plants \u2013 the growing of them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"course_tab_title\">\n<h4>LESSONS<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>LESSON STRUCUTRE:\u00a0 \u00a0 HORTICULTURE \u2013 THE BASICS\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are 18 lessons:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u00a0 Welcome<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u00a0 Lawns and Grassland Part 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>site, clearing, levelling and preparation for planting a lawn,<\/li>\n<li>different kinds of lawns and their uses<\/li>\n<li>grass seed, principal grass genera and species used in lawn seed mixtures, and their characteristics<\/li>\n<li>sowing, after care and maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.\u00a0 Lawns and Grasslands Part 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maintenance of lawns<\/li>\n<li>Non grass lawns<\/li>\n<li>Floral meadows<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4.\u00a0 How Plants Work<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cells<\/li>\n<li>roots<\/li>\n<li>stems<\/li>\n<li>leaves<\/li>\n<li>buds<\/li>\n<li>other structures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5.\u00a0 Vegetables<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0siting vegetables, soil and fertility, drainage<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0the vegetable garden layout<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0climate<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0cropping<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0seeds<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0sowing vegetables<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0thinning, planting<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0water, feeding<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0weeds, mulching, crop protection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>6.\u00a0 Ornamental Plants and Propagation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the different types of flowering plants<\/li>\n<li>gymnosperms, monocotyledons, dictoyledons, annuals, biennials, perennials, woody, herbaceous.<\/li>\n<li>Propagation \u2013 cuttings, division, many other kinds, grafting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>7.\u00a0 Soils<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>types of soil<\/li>\n<li>structure<\/li>\n<li>mulches<\/li>\n<li>fertilisers<\/li>\n<li>organic matter and manures CE, AFP etc.<\/li>\n<li>base and top dressings<\/li>\n<li>lime<\/li>\n<li>water<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>8.\u00a0 Trees and Shrubs<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>trees<\/li>\n<li>shrubs<\/li>\n<li>climbers<\/li>\n<li>pruning<\/li>\n<li>maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>9.\u00a0 Flowers<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>general structure<\/li>\n<li>sepals and petals<\/li>\n<li>stamens<\/li>\n<li>The Carpel \u2013 ovary, style and stigma<\/li>\n<li>Types of inflorescence<\/li>\n<li>nectaries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>10.\u00a0 \u00a0Pollination and Fertilisation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pollination<\/li>\n<li>fertilization<\/li>\n<li>fruit\/seed structure and germination requirements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>11. Fruit<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>types of fruit<\/li>\n<li>planting and requirements<\/li>\n<li>cultivation<\/li>\n<li>pruning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>12.\u00a0 \u00a0Genetics and Breeding<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the genetic code<\/li>\n<li>chromosomes<\/li>\n<li>genes<\/li>\n<li>mito\u00b7\u00a0sis and meiosis<\/li>\n<li>Mendelian inheritance<\/li>\n<li>mono and dihybrid inheritance<\/li>\n<li>genotype and phenotype<\/li>\n<li>F1 hybrids and hybrid vigour<\/li>\n<li>Heterozygosity and homozygosity<\/li>\n<li>dominance and recessiveness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>13.\u00a0 Pest, Diseases and Disorders<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>damage caused by pests, diseases and disorder<\/li>\n<li>identification, symptoms and modes of attack<\/li>\n<li>control \u2013 chemical<\/li>\n<li>control \u2013 biological<\/li>\n<li>control \u2013 organic<\/li>\n<li>control \u2013 physical<\/li>\n<li>control \u2013 cultural<\/li>\n<li>A large pest<\/li>\n<li>A mite<\/li>\n<li>A Mollusc<\/li>\n<li>Insects with complete metamorphosis<\/li>\n<li>Insects with incomplete metamorphosis<\/li>\n<li>A fungus<\/li>\n<li>A virus<\/li>\n<li>A bacteria<\/li>\n<li>A nematode<\/li>\n<li>environmental disorder<\/li>\n<li>nutritional disorder<\/li>\n<li>IPM (Integrated Pest Management)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>14.\u00a0 Plant Physiology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>photosynthesis<\/li>\n<li>respiration<\/li>\n<li>photoperiodism<\/li>\n<li>nutrient cycles<\/li>\n<li>CEC, humus and organic material \u2013 breakdown pathways (macro &amp; micro-organisms)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>15.\u00a0 Plant Protection and Artificial Environments<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>plant protection<\/li>\n<li>why protect?<\/li>\n<li>types of protection<\/li>\n<li>Controlling environmental factors<\/li>\n<li>artificial environments<\/li>\n<li>container growing \u2013 air filled porosity, stability<\/li>\n<li>non-soil growing medium \u2013 composts, loam and non-loam based<\/li>\n<li>types of containers, modules<\/li>\n<li>hydroponics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>16.\u00a0 \u00a0Water<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>transpiration<\/li>\n<li>uptake of water by plant roots \u2013 osmosis and diffusion explained<\/li>\n<li>conduction of water<\/li>\n<li>relative humidity<\/li>\n<li>turgor<\/li>\n<li>water in the soil \u2013 availability, field capacity, wilting point \u2013 permanent wilting point.<\/li>\n<li>Soil structure, water and nutrients \u2013 pores sizes, nutrient uptake effect of water on micro-organisms.<\/li>\n<li>Irrigation \u2013 types and situations for<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>17.\u00a0 Weeds and soil management<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>what are weeds? Invasive plants, cultivated plants as weeds, and why they are successful<\/li>\n<li>types of weed<\/li>\n<li>treatments and control \u2013 organic, chemical and biological<\/li>\n<li>green manures, erosion control, soil management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>18.\u00a0 Ecology and the Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a brief background to ecology<\/li>\n<li>changes in agricultural practices and their effects<\/li>\n<li>carbon sinks and release<\/li>\n<li>conservation in the garden<\/li>\n<li>encouraging wildlife and the \u2018green\u2019 garden<\/li>\n<li>large scale practices to help<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Please Note:<\/strong><em>\u00a0 There are self-assessments in each lesson and an assignment for each.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"course_tab_title\">\n<h4>MORE INFORMATION<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ideally, soil provides the perfect environment for plants to grow.<br \/>\nSoil should provide:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A source of valuable nutrients and trace elements.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A good environment for beneficial soil organisms to flourish.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A good habitat for beneficial soil fauna such as earthworms which excavate drainage channels.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Free drainage whilst retaining enough moisture for the plant roots obtain enough.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Good structure: not too compact so plant roots may easily grow to provide anchorage and obtain water and nutrients, but not too crumbly so the plants have enough support.<\/strong>The soil is very delicately balanced environment and it is important to have a good understanding of its structure, ways to improve it and maintain fertility. The formation of soils begins with parent rock. The parent rock is exposed to the elements and is weathered. Weathering is the breakdown of parent material and erosion is the movement of fragments of rock and soil.<strong>Weathering<\/strong>\u00a0occurs under three processes Chemical, physical and biological. Chemical weathering \u2013 is mainly brought about by the action of carbonic acid.<br \/>\nThis is produced wherever carbon dioxide and water mix, as in rainfall. Some minerals dissolve and are washed away. Others are altered chemically when the surface is exposed to water or the atmosphere.All but the inert particles are decomposed and the rock eventually crumbles as new minerals are formed and soluble material is released.Hydrolysis is the reaction that occurs when water reacts with parent rock.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nOxidation<\/strong>\u00a0is particularly important in the formation of iron oxides which give soils their red or yellow colouring in aerobic conditions and blue or grey in anaerobic conditions. Physical or mechanical weathering \u2013 rock is broken into smaller pieces without chemical change. Occurs on exposed rock faces. Often combined with chemical weathering.<\/p>\n<p>Main agents are heat, frost, water, wind and ice. In temperate zones frost is a major weathering element. Water percolates into cracks, expands when it freezes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Layers<\/strong>\u00a0build up and slowly, under pressure and chemical weathering, they become rock.e.g. limestone, shale and chalk. Sands which accumulate at great depths form sandstone. Due to seismic movement of the Earth many now raised above sea level. Moving water and winds are able to carry rock particles \u2013 the greater their speed, the more they can carry (their load increases) and the more they erode, carrying pageparticles away and fast-moving rivers can carry sizeable rocks whilst slow-moving ones will drop the heavier ones.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Soil development<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Occurs in the loose fragments of rock overlying the earth\u2019s crust. This is the parent material that has an important effect on the nature of the soil formed. However, it is also influenced by vegetation, climate, topography, drainage, as well as animals including man and time. Young soils are those (regosoils) that have just formed but over time they take on the characteristics that depend on the influence of the other factors to give rise to the main soil types.<\/p>\n<p>Topography of the land effect how fast erosion will be at points where rock is exposed. In hollows or even small undulations, particles may become trapped and tiny plants can get hold e.g. mosses, ferns, algae, lichens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weathering<\/strong>\u00a0is extended due to the increased amount of carbonic acid produced by larger root systems and depth of weathered material increases. The process of weathering which may have taken thousands of years now accelerates as living organisms become established and particles become more finely divided.<\/p>\n<p>The physical characteristics of a soil are usually established by referring to the layers or horizons in the soil profile. L layer \u2013 the litter layer which has not yet been incorporated into the soil. O layer \u2013 organic layer \u2013 semi-decomposed organic material and humus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A layer<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 topsoil \u2013 the upper layer of soil from which nutrients are washed downwards. Usually darker due to significant levels of humus present. Humus is decayed organic material incorporated well into the soil profile.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Layer<\/strong>\u00a0-The lighter layer below is the B layer where finer materials accumulate. In horticulture, the A horizon is referred to as topsoil and B as subsoil. The parent material below the layers is the C layer and is parent material. Its characteristics will affect the entire soil profile. The depth of each layer will vary according to the way in which the soil develops and conditions (compare brown earth and chalk upland).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Subsoil<\/strong>\u00a0is usually more compact, lighter in colour and devoid of life apart from perhaps some long roots. It may be very different in structure and texture to the topsoil due to the fact that accumulations of washed down substances gather there, water drainage may not be good, it is compacted often so pore spaces are compressed. It offers anaerobic conditions.<\/p>\n<p>The topsoil is far better usually for plant growth and subsoil is not mixed with topsoil. Soil texture is largely how the particle sizes are distributed or their proportions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t<form style='display:none;' action=\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/shopping-cart-2\/\" method=\"post\" class=\"eshop addtocart\" id=\"eshopprod5121318860526\">\n\t\t\t<fieldset><legend><span class=\"offset\">Order HORTICULTURE - THE BASICS<\/span><\/legend>\n<label for=\"eoptSSHTB120318860526\"><select id=\"eoptSSHTB120318860526\" name=\"option\"><option value=\"1\">Online @ \u00a3325.00<\/option>\n<option value=\"2\">USB @ \u00a3335.00<\/option>\n<option value=\"3\">Paper Based @ \u00a3395.00<\/option>\n<\/select><\/label><label for=\"qtySSHTB120318860526\" class=\"qty\"><abbr title=\"Quantity\">Qty<\/abbr>:<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" value=\"1\" id=\"qtySSHTB120318860526\" maxlength=\"3\" size=\"3\" name=\"qty\" class=\"iqty\" \/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pclas\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pname\" value=\"HORTICULTURE - THE BASICS\" \/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"pid\" value=\"SSHTB120\" \/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"purl\" value=\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/\" \/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"postid\" value=\"5121\" \/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"eshopnon\" value=\"set\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_wpnonce318860526\" name=\"_wpnonce318860526\" value=\"6658347f4f\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5121\" \/><input class=\"button eshopbutton\" value=\"Add to Cart\" title=\"Add selected item to your shopping basket\" type=\"submit\" \/><div class=\"eshopajax\"><\/div><\/fieldset>\n\t\t\t<\/form><a href='https:\/\/adlonlinecourses.com\/product\/courses\/horticulture\/horticulture-the-basics\/' target='_blank' class='button btn-enroll'>Enroll Now<\/a><p class='small'>This link will open adlonlinecourses.com in a new tab.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding our plants and how their relationship to their location, growing practices and the environment is an area which brings huge joy to horticulturalists, gardeners and botanists, whether they are growing plants for personal or commercial use. This course has been designed to give you a good introduction to many of the principles of good [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[47,35,71],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Horticulture \u2013 the Basics - Distance Learning Horticulture Courses<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amanda White\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amanda White\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/#\/schema\/person\/93d982420fc52d90f1d24147d1f9584e\"},\"headline\":\"Horticulture \u2013 the Basics\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-05T12:16:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-07T15:20:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/\"},\"wordCount\":1515,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"garden\",\"horticulture\",\"planning\"],\"articleSection\":[\"General Horticulture Courses\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/onlinecoursesinhorticulture.co.uk\/horticulture-courses\/general-horticulture-courses\/horticulture-the-basics\/\",\"name\":\"Horticulture \u2013 the Basics - 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